8/13/2023 0 Comments Fish skin for burn victims![]() ![]() Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are secreted from fish skins that defend against invading pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and serve as yet another remedy for infection clearance (Shin et al., 2017).įish skin-based xenograft technology so far has been a promising and effective treatment option for burn wounds and diabetic ulcers with its extension towards veterinary use as well, and hence paving the way towards cost effective management of chronic wounds and infections which are difficult to treat. Bioactive compounds found like Omega-3-PUFA, EPA and DHA activate downstream anti-inflammatory molecules. This prevents the MMPs from acting on the newly formed extracellular matrix. For its treatment, use of acellular fish skin, having high amount of collagen type I, balances the enzymatic activities of the MMPs by acting as a substrate against them (Fiakos et al., 2020). In general, diabetic foot ulcers are characterized by the presence high levels of matrix metallo-proteases (MMPs). Acellular fish skin grafts also have antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and ability to promote 3D cell growth along with long shelf life thus serving as an excellent candidate for xenograft technology at low cost. ![]() However, the most important one is its ability to retain its bioactive features after sterilization compared to other animal derived skin graft technologies, such as presence of omega-3-fatty acids and type I and III collagen (Fiakos et al., 2020). The advantages of using acellular fish skin ranges from its abundance in fibrin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans to no risk of carrying diseases found in other mammalian xenografts such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy. One of the most recent approaches in xenografting has been using acellular fish skin grafts for treating burn wounds, diabetic foot ulcers and other deep dermal full thickness wounds, harvested from two major species- the Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) and the North Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) (Luze et al., 2022). To solve these issues, xenografting is emerging as a novel tool. In addition to the lack of donor skin availability and its higher cost, it may also lead to other complications such as surgical morbidity or infections at the donor site (Luze et al., 2022). Skin grafts promote proliferation of host cells at the injury site, act as a temporary barrier, and provide antimicrobial properties and thus performing better than traditional dressings. However, skin grafting is not as easy as it sounds. ![]() Skin grafts are emerging as an effective treatment option for deep dermal and full thickness wounds, particularly in burn wounds and diabetic ulcers, to help better healing and avoid infection and sepsis. Similarly, burn wounds have also continued to pose challenges in wound healing management due to their complex and long-lasting process. You can imagine that here the healing process gets halted in the inflammatory phase. However, it is not so in the case of immune-compromised patients who are prone to chronic infection, which are often resistant to common antibiotics. This is due to skin’s natural ability to heal through a cascade of healing events: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. A healthy individual with minor injuries heals his/her wounds quickly without any additional treatment. Skin, being the first barrier and line of defense against the external environment, is constantly exposed to mechanical and pathogenic insults. ![]()
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