8/14/2023 0 Comments Enrofloxacin dog side effects![]() ![]() Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, a naturally occurring chemical within the brain (and other parts of the body) that affects the way in which nerves “talk” to each other. To help determine if a pet is receiving an appropriate dose of a medication, veterinarians may monitor the amount present in the bloodstream, a procedure that is called therapeutic drug monitoring. Therefore, many dogs require increases in their phenobarbital dose over time to maintain the same level of seizure control. Interestingly, phenobarbital’s effect on CYP enzymes also increases the clearance of phenobarbital from the body. This effect has been observed in dogs but not in cats. A commonly prescribed anti-seizure medication, phenobarbital makes the body produce more CYP enzymes, which increases the clearance and decreases the effectiveness of many types of medications, including digoxin, glucocorticoids, amitriptyline, clomipramine, theophylline, and lidocaine. In comparison to cimetidine, phenobarbital presents the opposite problem when it comes to drug interactions. For example, the antacids ranitidine (Zantac) and famotidine (Pepcid) can often be substituted for cimetidine. If a drug interaction involving CYP is likely, an alternate medication should be used. ![]() Other commonly prescribed medications that have a similar affect include the antifungal drug ketoconazole, the stomach acid reducer omeprazole, and some antibiotics like erythromycin and enrofloxacin. For example, a pet who is taking cimetidine and theophylline may become hyper-excitable, have a rapid heart rate, or even develop seizures.Ĭimetidine is not the only drug that inhibits CYP. Therefore, if you give a pet cimetidine and one of these other drugs (theophylline, aminophylline, lidocaine, and diazepam, to name a few), it is more likely that a pet will develop side effects similar to those seen with overdoses of the drug in question. Many different medications use CYP as part of the process of being cleared from the body. It also inhibits (partially blocks) a specific type of enzyme called Cytochrome P450 (CYP). CimetidineĬimetidine (Tagamet) is an antacid that can be used to treat or prevent ulcers within a pet’s gastrointestinal tract. ![]() If it is necessary for a pet who is on one of these types of medications to start taking the other, veterinarians will typically recommend a “wash-out” period of around five days or so to prevent interactions between the drugs within the pet’s body. Affected pets may have a poor appetite, vomiting, or diarrhea, and can develop ulcers that bleed or even create holes within the GI tract.Īs a general rule of thumb, pets should never take NSAIDs and corticosteroids at the same time. Unfortunately, when they are given at the same time, or even within a few days of one another, gastrointestinal problems are likely. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (Rimadyl, Metacam, Deramaxx, Etogesic, etc.) and corticosteroids (prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, etc.) are two of the most frequently prescribed classes of medications in veterinary medicine. Let’s look at some of the drugs that can be involved in adverse interactions and what can be done to protect our pets.
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